Scenario Based Coding Questions on If Else in Mojo

Explanation:

This program determines a student’s grade based on the marks they input. It uses simple conditions to categorize the marks into grades like A, B, C, or Fail.

• The program starts by asking the user to enter their marks with marks = int(input("Enter your marks: ")). The entered value is stored in the marks variable as an integer.
• Checking for Grade ‘A’: The program then checks if the marks are greater than or equal to 90 using the condition if marks >= 90. If this condition is true, it prints Your grade is: A.
• Checking for Grade ‘B’: If the previous condition is false, the program moves to the next condition with elif marks >= 80. This checks if the marks are greater than or equal to 80. If this is true, it prints Your grade is: B.
• Checking for Grade ‘C’: If both the previous conditions are false, the program then checks for the elif marks >= 70condition. If the marks are greater than or equal to 70, it prints Your grade is: C.
• Failing Condition: If none of the above conditions are true (i.e., the marks are less than 70), the program reaches the else statement and prints Your grade is: Fail.

marks = int(input("Enter your marks: "))

if marks >= 90:
    print("Your grade is: A")
elif marks >= 80:
    print("Your grade is: B")
elif marks >= 70:
    print("Your grade is: C")
else:
    print("Your grade is: Fail")

Explanation:

This program is designed to check whether the user is eligible based on age.

• The program begins by prompting the user to input their age. The entered age is stored in the age variable as an integer.
• The program then checks if the age is between 18 and 100 using the condition if age >= 18 and age <= 100:.
  • If the condition is true, meaning the user’s age is within this range, it prints "Eligible to vote.". 
  • If the condition is false, meaning the age is either below 18 or above 100, it prints "Not eligible to vote.".

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

# Check if age is between 18 and 100
if age >= 18 and age <= 100:
    print("Eligible to vote.")
else:
    print("Not eligible to vote.")

Explanation:

This program checks whether the number of toppings the user enters is even or odd.

• First, it asks the user to input the number of toppings, which is stored in the variable toppings.
• The program then uses an if statement to check if the number of toppings is even by calculating the remainder when toppings is divided by 2 (toppings % 2).
  • If the remainder is 0, it means the number of toppings is even, and the program prints Even.
  • Otherwise, it executes the else block and prints Odd, indicating that the number of toppings is not divisible by 2.

toppings = int(input("Enter the number of toppings: "))

if toppings % 2 == 0:
    print("Even")
else:
    print("Odd")

Explanation:

This program determines whether the light is “Bright” or “Dim” based on the intensity entered by the user.

• First, it prompts the user to input the value of light intensity, which is stored in the variable intensity
• Next, the program uses an if statement to check if the value of intensity is greater than 50. If this condition is true (i.e., the light intensity is more than 50), it prints Bright.
• If the condition is false (i.e., the intensity is 50 or less), the program moves to the else block and prints Dim.

intensity = int(input("Enter the light intensity: "))

if intensity > 50:
    print("Bright")
else:
    print("Dim")

Explanation:

This program calculates the parking charges based on the number of hours a vehicle is parked.

• It first asks the user to input the parking hours. The entered value is stored in the variable hours.
• The program then uses an if statement to check if the value of hours is greater than 2.
  • If the condition hours > 2 is true, it means the parking duration exceeds the free parking limit, and the program prints the message You have been charged 20 dollars.
  • If the condition is false, the program proceeds to the else block and prints You have been charged 0 dollars.

hours = int(input("Enter parking hours: "))

if hours > 2:
    print("You have been charged 20 dollars.")
else:
    print("You have been charged 0 dollars.")

Explanation:

This program calculates the ticket price for a train ride based on the passenger’s age and whether they qualify for a discount.

• The variable base_price is set to 100, representing the standard ticket price. The variable discount_percentage is set to 10, meaning passengers who qualify will get a 10% discount.
• The program asks the user to enter their age. The input is stored in the age variable.
• The program uses an if statement to check if the entered age is less than 12 or greater than 60. This is done using the condition if age < 12 or age > 60:
  • If the condition is true, the program calculates the discounted price. The discounted price is stored in the variable discounted_price using formula. The formula discounted_price = base_price - (base_price * discount_percentage // 100) calculates the discounted price in two steps. First, it computes the discount amount by multiplying the base_price by the discount_percentage and dividing by 100. Then, it subtracts this discount from the base_price to get the final discounted_price.
  • If the condition is false, the program simply prints the full ticket price stored in base_price.

base_price = 100
discount_percentage = 10

age = Int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age < 12 or age > 60:
    discounted_price = base_price - (base_price * discount_percentage // 100)
    print("Discounted price: ", discounted_price)
else:
    print("Full price: ", base_price)

Explanation:

The program checks if a given year is a leap year or not. A leap year is a year that has one extra day, making it 366 days long instead of the usual 365 days. This extra day is added to February, which has 29 days instead of 28. A leap year is checked using a specific rule. First, the year must be divisible by 4. However, if the year is also divisible by 100, it is not a leap year unless it is divisible by 400.

• It first asks the user to input a year and input is stored in year variable.
• Then, the program uses a if condition to check if the year is divisible by 4 (year % 4 == 0) and either not divisible by 100 (year % 100 != 0) or divisible by 400 (year % 400 == 0). If both conditions are met, it prints Leap Year. If the conditions are not satisfied, it prints Not a Leap Year.
  • year % 4 == 0 checks if the year is divisible by 4.
  • year % 100 != 0 ensures the year is not divisible by 100, unless…
  • year % 400 == 0 allows the year to be divisible by 400, which makes it a leap year.

year = int(input("Enter the year: "))

if year % 4 == 0 and (year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0):
    print("Leap Year")
else:
    print("Not a Leap Year")

Explanation:

This program helps classify a triangle based on the lengths of its sides.

• It starts by asking the user to input the lengths of three sides of a triangle: side1, side2, and side3. 
• First, the program checks if all three sides are equal (side1 == side2 == side3). If they are, it means the triangle is equilateral, meaning all sides have the same length, so it prints Equilateral.
• If the sides are not all equal, the program checks if any two sides are equal using this condition: (side1 == side2 or side2 == side3 or side1 == side3). If two sides are equal, the triangle is isosceles, meaning it has two equal sides, and it prints Isosceles.
• If neither of the above conditions is true, it means all sides are different, so the triangle is scalene, and the program prints Scalene.

side1 = int(input("Enter side 1: "))
side2 = int(input("Enter side 2: "))
side3 = int(input("Enter side 3: "))

if side1 == side2 == side3:
    print("Equilateral")
elif side1 == side2 or side2 == side3 or side1 == side3:
    print("Isosceles")
else:
    print("Scalene")

Explanation:

This program calculates a student’s grade based on their marks in Mathematics, Science, and English, following certain conditions.

• The program first takes the marks for Mathematics, Science, and English and stores them in the variables math_marks, science_marks, and english_marks.
• Then, it calculates the average_marks using the formula.
• Next, the program checks the following conditions using if, elif, and else statements:
  • First condition: If the average marks and all individual subject marks are 90 or above, the student gets an "A+" grade.
  • Second condition: If the average is 80 or more, and each subject has at least 80 marks, the student gets an "A" grade.
  • Third condition: If the average is between 70 and 80 and the student has scored more than 60 in each subject, the grade is "B".
  • Fourth condition: If the average is between 60 and 70 but the student has scored less than 60 in any subject, they get a "C" grade.
  • Else condition: If none of the above conditions are met, the student receives a grade "D".

math_marks = input("Enter your Mathematics marks: ").to_float32()
science_marks = input("Enter your Science marks: ").to_float32()
english_marks = input("Enter your English marks: ").to_float32()

average_marks = (math_marks + science_marks + english_marks) / 3

if average_marks >= 90 and math_marks >= 90 and science_marks >= 90 and english_marks >= 90:
    grade = "A+"
elif average_marks >= 80 and math_marks >= 80 and science_marks >= 80 and english_marks >= 80:
    grade = "A"
elif average_marks >= 70 and average_marks < 80 and math_marks > 60 and science_marks > 60 and english_marks > 60:
    grade = "B"
elif average_marks >= 60 and average_marks < 70 and (math_marks < 60 or science_marks < 60 or english_marks < 60):
    grade = "C"
else:
    grade = "D"

print("Grade:", grade)

Explanation:

This program calculates a student’s total fee based on the number of courses they are taking and whether they hold a scholarship.

• The program asks the user to enter the number of courses, storing the value in the variable courses, and then asks if the user is a scholarship holder, storing the response in the variable scholarship.
• Based on the number of courses, it determines the fee per course.
  • If the number of courses is less than 3, fee_per_course = 500 is used.
  • If the number of courses is between 3 and 5, fee_per_course = 450 is applied.
  • If the number of courses is more than 5, fee_per_course = 400 is set. 
• Then, the program calculates the total fee the student has to pay. The total fee is determined by multiplying the fee_per_course, which is the cost of one course, by the number of courses the student is taking (courses). This gives the total amount the student would pay if no discounts are applied yet.
• Next, the program checks if the student has a scholarship.
  • If the student has a scholarship, the line total_fee -= total_fee * 20 // 100 applies a 20% discount by multiplying the total fee by 20, dividing by 100 to get the discount amount, and then subtracting it from the original total fee.
  • If the student doesn’t have a scholarship but is enrolled in 4 or more courses, the line total_fee -= total_fee * 5 // 100 applies a 5% discount. This works by calculating 5% of the total fee, then subtracting it from the original fee. 

courses = Int(input("Enter number of courses: "))
scholarship = input("Are you a scholarship holder (Yes/No): ")

# Determine the fee per course based on the number of courses
if courses < 3:
    fee_per_course = 500
elif courses <= 5:
    fee_per_course = 450
else:
    fee_per_course = 400

# Calculate the total fee
total_fee = fee_per_course * courses

# Apply discount if the user is a scholarship holder
if scholarship == "Yes":
    total_fee -= total_fee * 20 // 100
elif courses >= 4:
    total_fee -= total_fee * 5 // 100

print("Fee:", total_fee)

Explanation:

This program helps calculate the total mobile plan cost based on the user’s inputs such as their plan, data usage, loyalty status, and payment method.

• The program asks for the plan, the data used, if the user is loyal, and if the payment was via the app, storing the values in the variables plan, data_used, loyalty, and app_payment.
• Based on the chosen plan, the program assigns values to base cost, included data, and extra cost using if-elif-elsestatements.
  • If the plan is “Basic”, the base cost is 30, with 1GB included, and extra data costs 5 per GB.
  • If the plan is “Standard”, the base cost is 50, with 3GB included, and extra data costs 4 per GB.
  • If the plan is “Premium”, the base cost is 70, with 5GB included, and extra data costs 3 per GB.
• The program calculates how much extra data the user has used beyond the included data. The formula extra_data = data_used - included_data is used to find out how much extra data is used.
• If there is extra data used, the program calculates the additional cost with additional_cost = extra_data * extra_cost. Otherwise, the additional cost is zero.
• The program adds the base cost and additional cost to calculate the total bill using total_cost = base_cost + additional_cost.
• The program checks if the user is a loyal customer. If yes, it applies a 10% discount with total_cost -= total_cost * 10 // 100.
• It then checks if the user paid via the app. If yes, it applies a 5% discount with total_cost -= total_cost * 5 // 100.

plan= input("Enter plan (Basic/Standard/Premium): ")
data_used = int(input("Enter data used in GB: "))
loyalty = input("Are you a loyal customer? (Yes/No): ")
app_payment = input("Paid via app? (Yes/No): ")

if plan == "Basic":
    base_cost = 30
    included_data = 1
    extra_cost = 5
elif plan == "Standard":
    base_cost = 50
    included_data = 3
    extra_cost = 4
else:
    base_cost = 70
    included_data = 5
    extra_cost = 3

extra_data = data_used - included_data
if extra_data > 0:
    additional_cost = extra_data * extra_cost
else:
    additional_cost = 0

total_cost = base_cost + additional_cost

if loyalty == "Yes":
    total_cost -= total_cost * 10 // 100

if app_payment == "Yes":
    total_cost -= total_cost * 5 // 100

print("Total Bill:", total_cost)

Explanation:

This program calculates the tax based on income, age, student status, marital status, and applicable deductions.

• The program prompts the user to enter their annual income, age, student status (“yes” or “no”), and marital status(“yes” or “no”), storing these values in the variables income, age, student, and married, respectively.
• Based on the entered income, the program sets a default tax rate:
  • If the income is below 30,000, the tax_rate is set to 0.1 (10%).
  • If the income is between 30,000 and 60,000, the tax_rate is 0.15 (15%).
  • If the income is between 60,000 and 100,000, the tax_rate is 0.2 (20%).
  • If the income exceeds 100,000, the tax_rate is 0.25 (25%). 
• However, this rate can be adjusted based on the user’s age.
  • If the income is between 30,000 and 60,000 and the user is under 30, the tax_rate is changed to 0.12 (12%). 
  • If the income is between 60,000 and 100,000 and the user is over 50, the tax_rate is adjusted to 0.18 (18%).
  • For income exceeding 100,000 and users over 60, the tax_rate becomes 0.22 (22%).
• The program also calculates deductions based on the user’s status.
  • If student is “yes”, the deductions are increased by 2,000.
  • If married is “yes”, an additional 5,000 is added to deductions.
  • If age is greater than 60, deductions are increased by 1,000.
• These deductions are subtracted from the income to calculate the final taxable income (taxable_income). Finally, the program computes the tax amount by multiplying the taxable_income by the tax_rate and tax_rate_percentage by multiplying the tax_rate by the 100.

income = float(input("Enter your annual income: "))
age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
student = input("Are you a student (yes/no): ")
married = input("Are you married (yes/no): ")

# Default tax rate based on income range
if income < 30000:
    tax_rate = 0.1
elif income >= 30000 and income <= 60000:
    tax_rate = 0.15
elif income > 60000 and income <= 100000:
    tax_rate = 0.2
else:
    tax_rate = 0.25

# Adjust tax rate based on age without using if in variables
if income >= 30000 and income <= 60000 and age < 30:
    tax_rate = 0.12
elif income > 60000 and income <= 100000 and age > 50:
    tax_rate = 0.18
elif income > 100000 and age > 60:
    tax_rate = 0.22

# Calculate deductions
deductions = 0
if student:
    deductions += 2000  # Deduction for students
if married:
    deductions += 5000  # Deduction for married individuals
if age > 60:
    deductions += 1000  # Additional deduction for individuals over 60

taxable_income = income - deductions
tax_amount = taxable_income * tax_rate
tax_rate_percentage = tax_rate * 100
      
print(f"Tax Rate: {tax_rate_percentage}")
print(f"Total Deductions: ${deductions}")
print(f"Final Taxable Income: ${taxable_income}") 
print(f"Tax Amount: ${tax_amount}")

Explanation:

This program calculates an electricity bill based on the user’s consumption and applies a surcharge for high consumption.

• The program asks the user to enter their electricity usage in kilowatt-hours (kWh). This value is stored in the variable consumption.
• If the consumption is 100 kWh or less, the cost is calculated at $0.10 per kWh: bill = consumption * 0.10.
• If the consumption is between 101 and 200 kWh, the cost is calculated at $0.15 per kWh: bill = consumption * 0.15.
• If the consumption exceeds 200 kWh, the cost is calculated at $0.20 per kWh: bill = consumption * 0.20.
• If the consumption exceeds 300 kWh, an additional surcharge of $20 is added to the bill: bill += 20.

consumption = int(input("Enter your electricity consumption in kWh: "))

# Calculate bill based on consumption
if consumption <= 100:
    bill = consumption * 0.10
elif consumption > 100 and consumption <= 200:
    bill = consumption * 0.15
else:
    bill = consumption * 0.20

# Apply surcharge if applicable
if consumption > 300:
    bill += 20

print("Total Bill:", bill)

Explanation:

This program calculates the fare for a journey based on the distance traveled and the time taken.

• The program first asks for the distance traveled in kilometers and stores it in the variable distance. Then, it asks for the travel time in hours and stores it in the variable time.
• If the distance is 5 km or less, the fare is calculated at $10 per km: fare = distance * 10.
• If the distance is between 6 and 20 km, the fare for the first 5 km is $10 per km, and the remaining distance is charged at $8 per km: fare = (5 * 10) + (distance - 5) * 8.
• If the distance exceeds 20 km, the fare includes:
  • $10 per km for the first 5 km,
  • $8 per km for the next 15 km (6 to 20 km),
  • $5 per km for the remaining distance beyond 20 km: fare = (5 * 10) + (15 * 8) + (distance - 20) * 5.
• If the time exceeds 1 hour, an additional flat fee of $15 is added to the fare: fare += 15.

distance = int(input("Enter distance in km: "))
time = int(input("Enter travel time in hours: "))

if distance <= 5:
    fare = distance * 10
elif distance <= 20:
    fare = (5 * 10) + (distance - 5) * 8
else:
    fare = (5 * 10) + (15 * 8) + (distance - 20) * 5

if time > 1:
    fare += 15

print("Fare: $", fare)

Explanation:

This program calculates the total annual cost based on the user’s age, BMI, and smoking status.

• The program asks for the user’s age, stores it in age, asks for the BMI, and stores it in bmi, and then checks if the user is a smoker with the response stored in smoker.
• If the age is 25 or younger, the base cost is $300: cost = 300.
• If the age is between 26 and 40, the base cost is $500: cost = 500.
• If the age is above 40, the base cost is $800: cost = 800.
• If the bmi is greater than 30, an additional cost of $200 is added: cost += 200.
• If the user is a smoker, an additional cost of $100 is added: cost += 100.

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
bmi = float(input("Enter your BMI: "))
smoker = input("Are you a smoker (Yes/No): ")

if age <= 25:
    cost = 300
elif age <= 40:
    cost = 500
else:
    cost = 800

if bmi > 30:
    cost += 200

if smoker == "Yes":
    cost += 100

print("Total Annual Cost: $", cost)