Scenario-Based Coding Questions on Operators in C

Explanation

To calculate the total bill, first store the price of a single book, $10, in a variable. Then, prompt the user to enter the number of books they wish to purchase. After receiving the input, calculate the total cost by multiplying the number of books with the price of a single book

• First, the book_cost variable is initialized to store the fixed price of a single book, which is $10.
• The user is then prompted to enter the number of books they wish to purchase.
• quantity variable is used to store the number of books input by the user.
• The program calculates the total cost by multiplying book_cost with quantity, and the result is stored in the total_cost variable.
• Finally, the program displays the calculated total cost to the user using the printf function.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int book_cost = 10;
    int quantity;
    int total_cost;
    printf("Enter the number of books: ");
    scanf("%d", &quantity);
    total_cost = book_cost * quantity;
    printf("The total cost is: $%d\n", total_cost);
    return 0;
}

Explanation

• The program first asks the user to enter the number of relatives.
• Then, it asks for extra gifts planned.
• Both numbers are combined using + to get the total gifts.
• The program asks for the price of each gift from the user.
• To find the total cost, the total gifts are multiplied using * with the price. This calculates the full amount spent.
• Finally, the program prints the total number of gifts and the total cost clearly.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int relatives, extra_gifts, total_gifts;
    int gift_price, total_cost;

    // Take user input
    printf("Enter number of relatives: ");
    scanf("%d", &relatives);

    printf("Enter extra gifts: ");
    scanf("%d", &extra_gifts);

    printf("Enter price of each gift: ");
    scanf("%d", &gift_price);

    // Combine relatives and extra gifts
    total_gifts = relatives + extra_gifts;

    // Calculate total cost
    total_cost = total_gifts * gift_price;

    // Display results
    printf("Total gifts: %d\n", total_gifts);
    printf("Total cost: $%d\n", total_cost);

    return 0;
}

• The program starts by defining the car’s speed as 60 km/h.
• The user is prompted to input the total travel time in hours and the total time spent on stops in hours.
• The adjusted travel time is calculated by subtracting the stop time from the total travel time. The formula used in the program is adjustedTime = totalTime - stopTime.
• The distance traveled is then calculated using the formula distance = speed * adjustedTime.
• The program displays the total distance traveled, formatted to two decimal places using printf.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    float speed = 60.0;
    float totalTime, stopTime, adjustedTime, distance;
    printf("Enter the total travel time in hours: ");
    scanf("%f", &totalTime);
    printf("Enter the total stop time in hours: ");
    scanf("%f", &stopTime);
    adjustedTime = totalTime - stopTime;
    distance = speed * adjustedTime;
    printf("The total distance traveled is: %.2f km\n", distance);
    return 0;
}

• The program begins by asking the user to input their hourly rate and the number of hours worked during the week.
• The hourlyRate variable is used to store the hourly rate entered by the user.
• The hoursWorked variable is used to store the number of hours worked entered by the user.
• The base_salary is calculated using the formula base_salary = hourlyRate * hoursWorked.
• A fixed bonus of $50 is added to the base_salary, regardless of hours worked. The result is stored in final_salary variable.
• The program then displays the calculated weekly salary, formatted to two decimal places using printf.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    float hourlyRate;
    float hoursWorked;
    float baseSalary, finalSalary;
    printf("Enter your hourly rate: ");
    scanf("%f", &hourlyRate);
    printf("Enter the number of hours worked in a week: ");
    scanf("%f", &hoursWorked);
    baseSalary = hourlyRate * hoursWorked;
    finalSalary = baseSalary + 50;
    printf("Your weekly salary is: $%.2f\n", finalSalary);
    return 0;
}

Explanation

• First, the program asks the user for total students.
• Then, it also asks for bus capacity.
• Next, total buses are calculated using a formula that automatically adds one more bus if students are left.
• After that, the remaining students are found using %.
• Then, empty seats are calculated by subtracting students in the last bus from total capacity.
• Finally, the program displays total buses and empty seats.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int students, bus_capacity;

    printf("Enter total number of students: ");
    scanf("%d", &students);

    printf("Enter bus capacity: ");
    scanf("%d", &bus_capacity);

    // Calculate total buses without using if
    int total_buses = (students + bus_capacity - 1) / bus_capacity;

    // Students in last bus
    int students_in_last_bus = students % bus_capacity;

    // Empty seats in last bus
    int empty_seats = bus_capacity - students_in_last_bus;

    printf("Total buses needed: %d\n", total_buses);
    printf("Empty seats in last bus: %d\n", empty_seats);

    return 0;
}}

• The program starts by asking the user to input the initial balance, the deposit amount, and the withdrawal amount.
• The initialBalance variable stores the amount of money the user currently has in their account.
• The depositAmount variable stores the amount the user wants to deposit into their account.
• The withdrawalAmount variable stores the amount the user wants to withdraw.
• The final balance is calculated using the formula finalBalance = initialBalance + depositAmount – withdrawalAmount, where the deposit amount is added to the initial balance, and the withdrawal amount is subtracted from it.
• The program then displays the final balance to the user using printf.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int initialBalance;
    int depositAmount;
    int withdrawalAmount;
    int finalBalance;
    printf("Enter the initial balance: ");
    scanf("%d", &initialBalance);
    printf("Enter the deposit amount: ");
    scanf("%d", &depositAmount);
    printf("Enter the withdrawal amount: ");
    scanf("%d", &withdrawalAmount);
    finalBalance = initialBalance + depositAmount - withdrawalAmount;
    printf("Your final balance is: $%d\n", finalBalance);
    return 0;
}

• The program starts by asking the user to input the total number of candies and the number of friends they want to distribute them to.
• The totalCandies variable stores the total number of candies the user has.
• The totalFriends variable stores the total number of friends who will receive candies.
• The number of candies each friend will receive is calculated using integer division, candiesPerFriend = totalCandies / totalFriends. This operation divides the total number of candies by the total number of friends and gives the result as the number of full candies each friend gets.
• The leftover candies are calculated using the modulus operator, leftoverCandies = totalCandies % totalFriends. This operation gives the remainder when dividing the total number of candies by the total number of friends, representing the leftover candies.
• Finally, the program displays the number of candies each friend gets and the leftover candies.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int candies;
    int friends;
    int candies_per_person;
    int leftover_candies;
    printf("Enter the total number of candies: ");
    scanf("%d", &candies);
    printf("Enter the number of friends: ");
    scanf("%d", &friends);
    candies_per_person = candies / friends;
    leftover_candies = candies % friends;
    printf("Each friend gets %d candies.\n", candies_per_person);
    printf("Leftover candies: %d\n", leftover_candies);
    return 0;
}

• The program begins by prompting the user to input the costs of accommodation, food, and transportation, which are stored in accommodation, food and transportation respectively.
• Then the user is asked to input the number of friends and the extra contribution amount which is stored in friends and extraContribution variables respectively.
• The total cost of the vacation is calculated by adding the values of accommodation, food, and transportation and is stored in totalCost variable.
• The totalCost is divided by the friends variable to calculate the per-person share, and the result is stored in perPersonShare
• The program then calculates the final amount for the person making the extra contribution by adding the extraContribution to their share of the cost. The result is stored in finalAmount.
• Finally, the program displays the per-person share for everyone else and the total amount paid by the contributing person using printf.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int accommodation;
    int food;
    int transportation;
    int friends;
    int extraContribution;
    int totalCost;
    int perPersonShare;
    int finalAmount;
    printf("Enter the cost of accommodation: ");
    scanf("%d", &accommodation);
    printf("Enter the cost of food: ");
    scanf("%d", &food);
    printf("Enter the cost of transportation: ");
    scanf("%d", &transportation);
    printf("Enter the number of friends: ");
    scanf("%d", &friends);
    printf("Enter the extra contribution amount: ");
    scanf("%d", &extraContribution);
    totalCost = accommodation + food + transportation;
    perPersonShare = totalCost / friends;
    finalAmount = perPersonShare + extraContribution;
    printf("Each person owes: $%d\n", perPersonShare);
    printf("The contributing person owes: $%d\n", finalAmount);
    return 0;
}

Explanation

• The program first asks the user to enter total supplies and truck capacity.
• Total trucks are calculated so that even a small leftover gets its own truck.
• Then division (/) is used to find how many full trucks are needed.
• The remainder operator % finds how much weight is left for the last truck.
• Finally, the program prints the total trucks required and leftover supplies.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int supplies, truck_capacity;

    printf("Enter total supplies in kg: ");
    scanf("%d", &supplies);

    printf("Enter truck capacity: ");
    scanf("%d", &truck_capacity);

    // Calculate total trucks without using if
    int total_trucks = (supplies + truck_capacity - 1) / truck_capacity;

    // Remaining supplies in last truck
    int leftover = supplies % truck_capacity;

    printf("Total trucks needed: %d\n", total_trucks);
    printf("Remaining supplies for last truck: %d kg\n", leftover);

    return 0;
}

• The program takes the total number of cups needed as input and stores it in total_cups.
• The number of total cups is divided by 8 to find the full_hours since 8 cups can be made in one hour.
• The modulus operator ‘%‘ gives the remainder. The remaining cups are calculated using the modulus operator and stored in remaining_cups.
• The full_hours and remaining_cups are displayed to the user using printf.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int total_cups;
    printf("Enter the total cups needed: ");
    scanf("%d", &total_cups);
    int full_hours = total_cups / 8;
    int remaining_cups = total_cups % 8;
    printf("Full hours: %d\n", full_hours);
    printf("Remaining cups: %d\n", remaining_cups);
    return 0;
}

• In this program, first a constant variable calories_per_km is defined to store the value of calories burned per kilometer.
• The program takes the distance traveled in meters as input using the scanf function and stores it in the variable distance_meters.
• The distance in meters is converted to kilometers by dividing distance_meters by 1000, as 1 kilometer equals 1000 meters. The result is stored in the variable distance_kilometers.
• The total calories burned is calculated by multiplying distance_kilometers by calories_per_km. The result is stored in the variable total_calories.
• The program displays the total calories burned and the distance in kilometers using the printf function.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    float distance_meters;
    float distance_kilometers;
    float total_calories;
    const int calories_per_km = 50;
    printf("Enter the distance you ran (in meters): ");
    scanf("%f", &distance_meters);
    distance_kilometers = distance_meters / 1000.0;
    total_calories = distance_kilometers * calories_per_km;
    printf("You burned %.2f calories by running %.2f kilometers.\n", total_calories, distance_kilometers);
    return 0;
}

• The program takes the total number of people in your group as input and stores it in the total_people variable.
• The number of full food packs needed is calculated by dividing the total people by 4 using integer division and the result is stored in packs_needed.
• The number of people left without a full pack is calculated using the modulus operator and stored in extra_people.
• Finally, a two printf statements are used to display the results.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int total_people;
    printf("Enter the total number of people: ");
    scanf("%d", &total_people);
    int packs_needed = total_people / 4;
    int extra_people = total_people % 4;
    printf("Food packs needed: %d\n", packs_needed);
    printf("People without full packs: %d\n", extra_people);
    return 0;
}

• The program takes the total number of cargo boxes as input and stores it in total_boxes.
• Each boat can carry 200 kg, which is equivalent to 4 cargo boxes.
• The number of boats needed is calculated by dividing the total number of cargo boxes by 4 and rounding up. This is done by adding 3 to the total number of boxes and then dividing by 4.
• The total boats needed are displayed using a printf.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int total_boxes;
    printf("Enter the total number of cargo boxes: ");
    scanf("%d", &total_boxes);
    int boats_needed = (total_boxes + 3) / 4;
    printf("Total boats needed: %d\n", boats_needed);
    return 0;
}

• The program takes the total number of barrels as input and stores it in total_barrels.
• Each camel can carry 3 barrels (180/60 = 3).
• The total number of camels required is calculated by dividing the total_barrels by 3 and then rounding up.
• For rounding up, 2 is added to total_barrels before dividing it by 3. This ensures there is an extra camel for any remainder.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int total_barrels;
    printf("Enter the total number of barrels: ");
    scanf("%d", &total_barrels);
    int camels_needed = (total_barrels + 2) / 3;
    printf("Total camels needed: %d\n", camels_needed);
    return 0;
}

• The program takes the number of coins collected by the player as input and stores it in the coins_collected variable.
• Then the program calculates the base_score by multiplying the coins_collected by 10.
• The bonus_points are calculated by first dividing the number of coins by 25. This will find out that how many complete sets of 25 coins are earned. Then these complete sets are multiplied by 50 to calculate the total bonus points. Players that have collected less than 25 coins will not get any bonus points.
• The total_score is calculated by adding the base_score and the bonus_points.
• Then the total_score is displayed using printf.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int coins_collected;
    printf("Enter the number of coins collected: ");
    scanf("%d", &coins_collected);
    int base_score = coins_collected * 10;
    int bonus_points = (coins_collected / 25) * 50;
    int total_score = base_score + bonus_points;
    printf("Total score: %d\n", total_score);
    return 0;
}

• First of all, the program takes the weight, distance and efficiency of the space craft from the user and stores it in weight, distance and efficiency variables respectively.
• To find the base_fuel the program multiplies weight with the square of distance. The square of an integer variable can be calculated by multiplying it with itself.
• Then the base_fuel is divided by efficiency factor and the result is stored in adjusted_fuel.
• The safety_margin is calculated by multiplying weight, distance and the efficiency factor of the space craft.
• The total_fuel required is calculated by adding the adjusted_fuel and safety_margin and then subtracting the sum of weight, distance and efficiency from it.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int weight;
    int distance;
    int efficiency;
    printf("Enter the weight of the spacecraft (in tons): ");
    scanf("%d", &weight);
    printf("Enter the distance to the planet (in million kilometers): ");
    scanf("%d", &distance);
    printf("Enter the efficiency factor of the engine: ");
    scanf("%d", &efficiency);
    int base_fuel = weight * (distance * distance);
    int adjusted_fuel = base_fuel / efficiency;
    int safety_margin = weight * distance * efficiency;
    int total_fuel = adjusted_fuel + safety_margin - (weight + distance + efficiency);
    printf("Total fuel required: %d\n", total_fuel);
    return 0;
}

• First of all, the program takes the six-digit transaction code as input from the user and stores it in the code variable
• To find the first digit, the program divides the code by 100000. This gives the digit in the hundred-thousands place.
• To find the second digit, the program divides the code by 10000 and then calculates the remainder when divided by 10. This gives the digit in the ten-thousands place.
• The third digit is found by dividing the code by 1000 and then taking the remainder when divided by 10. This gives the digit in the thousands place.
• To find the fourth digit, the program divides the code by 100 and takes the remainder when divided by 10. This gives the digit in the hundreds place.
• For the fifth digit, the program divides the code by 10 and takes the remainder when divided by 10. This gives the digit in the tens place.
• Finally, the sixth digit is obtained by taking the remainder of the code when divided by 10. This gives the digit in the units place.
• The sum of all six digits is calculated by adding them together and the product of the digits is calculated by multiplying all six digits.
• Finally, the program displays each digit, the sum of the digits, and the product of the digits using printf.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int code;
    printf("Enter a six-digit transaction code: ");
    scanf("%d", &code);
    int d1 = code / 100000;
    int d2 = (code / 10000) % 10;
    int d3 = (code / 1000) % 10;
    int d4 = (code / 100) % 10;
    int d5 = (code / 10) % 10;
    int d6 = code % 10;
    int sum = d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6;
    int product = d1 * d2 * d3 * d4 * d5 * d6;
    printf("Digits: %d %d %d %d %d %d\n", d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6);
    printf("Sum of digits: %d\n", sum);
    printf("Product of digits: %d\n", product);
    return 0;
}

• The program starts by asking the user to input five positive integers at a time. Each number is stored in a separate variable.
• Then the weighted_sum is calculated by multiplying each number by its position (1 to 5) and summing up these values.
• The product of the numbers is calculated by multiplying all five values together.
• The game_score is calculated by adding the weighted_sum and the product. After that we find it’s reminder when divided by100003.
• The difficulty_factor is determined by multiplying the total_sum of the numbers by their weighted_sum, then taking the remainder when divided by 99991.
• Finally, the program outputs both the game_score and the difficulty_factor using printf.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int n1, n2, n3, n4, n5;
    printf("Enter the first positive integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &n1);
    printf("Enter the second positive integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &n2);
    printf("Enter the third positive integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &n3);
    printf("Enter the fourth positive integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &n4);
    printf("Enter the fifth positive integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &n5);
    int weighted_sum = n1 * 1 + n2 * 2 + n3 * 3 + n4 * 4 + n5 * 5;
    int total_sum = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 + n5;
    int product = n1 * n2 * n3 * n4 * n5;
    int game_score = (weighted_sum + product) % 100003;
    int difficulty_factor = (total_sum * weighted_sum) % 99991;
    printf("Game Score: %d\n", game_score);
    printf("Difficulty Factor: %d\n", difficulty_factor);
    return 0;
}

Explanation

• First, the program asks the user to enter marks for all sections.
• Next, it collects the completion status (1 or 0) for each section.
• Then, it asks for a multiplier for each section. This increases the score for difficult sections.
• After that, it reads the penalty points for each section. This reduces the score for small mistakes.
• Each section’s intermediate score is calculated by:
  • Multiplying base marks with section multiplier.
  • Subtracting penalties.
  • Adding bonus points only if the section is fully completed.
• Finally, all section scores are added together to get the final total score.
• The result is displayed on the screen.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int m1, m2, m3, m4, m5;        // Marks for 5 sections
    int c1, c2, c3, c4, c5;        // Completion status (1=full, 0=partial)
    int mult1, mult2, mult3, mult4, mult5; // Section multipliers
    int p1, p2, p3, p4, p5;        // Penalty points
    int bonus;                      // Bonus per full section

    // Step 1: Take marks as input
    printf("Enter marks for 5 sections: ");
    scanf("%d %d %d %d %d", &m1, &m2, &m3, &m4, &m5);

    // Step 2: Take completion status
    printf("Enter completion status (1=full, 0=partial) for each section: ");
    scanf("%d %d %d %d %d", &c1, &c2, &c3, &c4, &c5);

    // Step 3: Take section multipliers
    printf("Enter section multipliers: ");
    scanf("%d %d %d %d %d", &mult1, &mult2, &mult3, &mult4, &mult5);

    // Step 4: Take penalties
    printf("Enter penalty points for each section: ");
    scanf("%d %d %d %d %d", &p1, &p2, &p3, &p4, &p5);

    // Step 5: Take bonus points
    printf("Bonus points per full section: ");
    scanf("%d", &bonus);

    // Calculate final total score
    int total = (m1 * mult1 - p1 + bonus * c1) +
                (m2 * mult2 - p2 + bonus * c2) +
                (m3 * mult3 - p3 + bonus * c3) +
                (m4 * mult4 - p4 + bonus * c4) +
                (m5 * mult5 - p5 + bonus * c5);

    printf("Total score: %d\n", total);

    return 0;
}

Explanation

• First, the program asks the user to enter the base price of each item.
• Next, it collects whether a discount applies (1=yes, 0=no) for each item.
• Then, it asks for discount amount, tax percentage, and shipping fee.
• For each item:
  • Apply discount by subtracting it only if eligible.
  • Calculate tax on the discounted price.
  • Add the shipping fee.
• Each item’s final price is calculated by subtracting the discount (if eligible), adding tax on the discounted price, and then adding the shipping fee, all using -, *, and + operators.
• Finally, all item prices are added together to get the total cost.
• The result is displayed on the screen.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int p1, p2, p3, p4;     // Base prices
    int d1, d2, d3, d4;     // Discount eligibility (1=yes, 0=no)
    int discount, tax_percent, shipping;
    
    printf("Enter price of item 1: ");
    scanf("%d", &p1);
    printf("Discount eligible? (1=yes, 0=no): ");
    scanf("%d", &d1);

    printf("Enter price of item 2: ");
    scanf("%d", &p2);
    printf("Discount eligible? (1=yes, 0=no): ");
    scanf("%d", &d2);

    printf("Enter price of item 3: ");
    scanf("%d", &p3);
    printf("Discount eligible? (1=yes, 0=no): ");
    scanf("%d", &d3);

    printf("Enter price of item 4: ");
    scanf("%d", &p4);
    printf("Discount eligible? (1=yes, 0=no): ");
    scanf("%d", &d4);

    printf("Fixed discount amount: ");
    scanf("%d", &discount);
    printf("Tax percentage per item: ");
    scanf("%d", &tax_percent);
    printf("Shipping fee per item: ");
    scanf("%d", &shipping);

    // Adjust each item price: discount -> tax -> shipping
    int item1 = (p1 - discount * d1) + ((p1 - discount * d1) * tax_percent) / 100 + shipping;
    int item2 = (p2 - discount * d2) + ((p2 - discount * d2) * tax_percent) / 100 + shipping;
    int item3 = (p3 - discount * d3) + ((p3 - discount * d3) * tax_percent) / 100 + shipping;
    int item4 = (p4 - discount * d4) + ((p4 - discount * d4) * tax_percent) / 100 + shipping;

    // Calculate final total cost
    int total = item1 + item2 + item3 + item4;

    printf("Final total cost: $%d\n", total);

    return 0;
}