Scenario-Based Coding Questions on Operators in C++

Explanation:

To determine the total grocery bill, first input the weight of each fruit. Then, compute the cost for each fruit by multiplying the weight by its price per kilogram. Sum these costs to get the total bill, which is then displayed to the user.

• The program starts by asking the user to input the weight of apples, bananas, and oranges.
• Each fruit has a specific price per kilogram:
  • Apples are $3 per kg.
  • Bananas are $2 per kg.
  • Oranges are $4 per kg.
• The program alculates the total cost by multiplying the weight of each fruit by its price per kilogram and adding these amounts to get the total bill, stored in totalBill.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    double apples, bananas, oranges;
    double totalBill;
    const double priceApple = 3.0, priceBanana = 2.0, priceOrange = 4.0;

    cout << "Enter the weight of apples (kg): ";
    cin >> apples;
    cout << "Enter the weight of bananas (kg): ";
    cin >> bananas;
    cout << "Enter the weight of oranges (kg): ";
    cin >> oranges;

    totalBill = (apples * priceApple) + (bananas * priceBanana) + (oranges * priceOrange);

    cout << "Total bill: $" << totalBill << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

To find out the total cost, input the number of adult and child tickets. Multiply the number of adult tickets by $12 and the number of child tickets by $8. Add these amounts together to get the total cost, then display it.

• The program first asks how many adult and child tickets you want to buy.
• The cost for each type of ticket is predefined:
  • adultPrice is set to $12.0.
  • childPrice is set to $8.0.
• The program calculates the total cost:
  • Adult cost:  adultTickets * adultPrice
  • Child cost: childTickets * childPrice
• The total cost is calculated by adding the costs for adult and child tickets, which are stored in totalCost.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int adultTickets, childTickets;
    const double adultPrice = 12.0, childPrice = 8.0;
    double totalCost;

    cout << "Enter the number of adult tickets: ";
    cin >> adultTickets;
    cout << "Enter the number of child tickets: ";
    cin >> childTickets;

    totalCost = (adultTickets * adultPrice) + (childTickets * childPrice);

    cout << "Total cost: $" << totalCost << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

This program calculates the total cost of party items based on the number of items you want to purchase. It multiplies the number of items by a fixed cost per item and then displays the total amount.

• The program first requests the user to input the number of party items, which is then recorded in the variable numberOfItems.
• The cost per item is predefined and set to $4.0 in the variable costPerItem.
• After entering the number of items, the program calculates the total cost by multiplying numberOfItems by costPerItemand stores the result in totalCost.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int numberOfItems;
    const double costPerItem = 4.0;
    double totalCost;

    cout << "Enter the number of party items: ";
    cin >> numberOfItems;

    totalCost = numberOfItems * costPerItem;

    cout << "Total cost: $" << totalCost << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

To evenly split the bill among friends, input the total bill amount and the number of people. Divide the total bill by the number of people to find out how much each person owes.

• The program prompts the user for the total bill amount and stores it as totalBill. It then asks for the number of people splitting the bill and stores it as numberOfPeople.
• The program calculates how much each person should pay by dividing totalBill by numberOfPeople. The result is stored as amountPerPerson.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    double totalBill;
    int numberOfPeople;
    double amountPerPerson;

    cout << "Enter the total bill amount: $";
    cin >> totalBill;

    cout << "Enter the number of people: ";
    cin >> numberOfPeople;

    amountPerPerson = totalBill / numberOfPeople;

    cout << "Each person needs to pay: $" << amountPerPerson << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

In this scenario, you’re trying to find your monthly savings by calculating the total income from different sources and then subtracting your total expenses. This helps you understand how much money you have left after covering all your costs for the month.

• The program asks for the amount of income from each source, stored in income1, income2, and income3, as well as the total expenses, stored in expenses.
• Next, the total income is calculated by summing the amounts from income1, income2, and income3, and is stored in totalIncome.
• To calculate the monthly savings, the total expenses are subtracted from the total income, and the result is stored in savings.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    double income1, income2, income3, expenses, totalIncome, savings;

    cout << "Enter the amount of Income 1: $";
    cin >> income1;

    cout << "Enter the amount of Income 2: $";
    cin >> income2;

    cout << "Enter the amount of Income 3: $";
    cin >> income3;

    cout << "Enter the total expenses: $";
    cin >> expenses;

    totalIncome = income1 + income2 + income3;
    savings = totalIncome - expenses;

    cout << "Total Monthly Savings: $" << savings << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

This program calculates the cost of fuel for a trip based on the distance, fuel efficiency, and fuel price.

• The code takes user input for total distance, fuel efficiency, and fuel price, storing them in distance, fuelEfficiency, and fuelPrice.
• The program calculates the amount of fuel needed for the trip by dividing the total distance by the car’s fuel efficiency using the formula:
  • fuelNeeded = distance / fuelEfficiency
• It then calculates the total fuel cost by multiplying the amount of fuel needed by the price per liter using the formula:
  • totalCost = fuelNeeded * fuelPrice

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    double distance, fuelEfficiency, fuelPrice, fuelNeeded, totalCost;

    cout << "Enter the distance of the trip (in km): ";
    cin >> distance;

    cout << "Enter the fuel efficiency of the car (km per liter): ";
    cin >> fuelEfficiency;

    cout << "Enter the price of fuel per liter: ";
    cin >> fuelPrice;

    fuelNeeded = distance / fuelEfficiency;
    totalCost = fuelNeeded * fuelPrice;

    cout << "Total fuel cost: $" << totalCost << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

This program calculates the area of a room using its length and width measurements. By multiplying these dimensions, the program determines the total floor area of the room.

• The first step requires inputting the room’s length and storing it as length. It then prompts for the room’s width, which is stored as width.
• The program calculates the area of the room by multiplying length by width:
  • Area = length * width

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    double length, width, area;

    cout << "Enter the length of the room (in meters): ";
    cin >> length;

    cout << "Enter the width of the room (in meters): ";
    cin >> width;

    area = length * width;

    cout << "Area of the room: " << area << " square meters" << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

This program calculates the monthly payment required for a loan to finance a new laptop. It takes into account the total loan amount, the monthly interest rate, and the number of months for repayment to determine the monthly payment.

• The program starts by entering the total loan amount as loanAmount, then the monthly interest rate as monthlyRate, and the number of months as months.
• The formula monthlyPayment = (loanAmount * (1 + monthlyRate)) / months calculates your monthly payment by adding a bit of interest to the loan amount and then splitting it into equal payments over the months. Interest is the extra money you pay on top of the borrowed amount.
  • 1 + monthlyRate: This adds the interest to 1, showing how much more you will owe each month because of the interest. For example, if the interest rate is 0.015, adding it to 1 gives you 1.015.
  • loanAmount * (1 + monthlyRate): This calculates the total amount you’ll owe after adding interest to the loan. For example, if you borrowed $1200 and the interest rate is 0.015, you multiply $1200 by 1.015 to get the total amount with interest.
  • (loanAmount * (1 + monthlyRate)) / months: This divides the total amount (including interest) by the number of months. This gives you the amount you need to pay each month. If the total with interest is $1218 and you’re paying over 12 months, dividing $1218 by 12 tells you the monthly payment.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    double loanAmount, monthlyRate, monthlyPayment;
    int months;

    cout << "Enter the total loan amount for the laptop: $";
    cin >> loanAmount;

    cout << "Enter the monthly interest rate (as a decimal): ";
    cin >> monthlyRate;

    cout << "Enter the number of months for repayment: ";
    cin >> months;

    monthlyPayment = (loanAmount * (1 + monthlyRate)) / months;

    cout << "Monthly payment: $" << monthlyPayment << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

This program calculates the exact number of paint cans required to cover the walls of a room based on its dimensions and the coverage provided by each can. It ensures that you know precisely how much paint you’ll need for your project.

• The program inputs the room’s length, width, and height as length, width, and height, along with the coverage area per can of paint, stored as coveragePerCan.
• The program calculates the total area to be painted by considering the walls of the room:
  • Multiply the length of the room by the height to get the area of one of the long walls: length * height.
  • Multiply the width of the room by the height to get the area of one of the short walls: width * height.
  • Add these two areas together: length * height + width * height
  • Since there are two of each type of wall (two long walls and two short walls), multiply the sum by 2: 2 * (length * height + width * height).
• The program then calculates the exact number of cans of paint needed using the formula:
  • Cans of paint needed = totalArea / coveragePerCan

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    double length, width, height, coveragePerCan, totalArea, cansNeeded;

    cout << "Enter the length of the room in feet: ";
    cin >> length;

    cout << "Enter the width of the room in feet: ";
    cin >> width;

    cout << "Enter the height of the room in feet: ";
    cin >> height;

    cout << "Enter the coverage area per can in square feet: ";
    cin >> coveragePerCan;

    totalArea = 2 * (length * height + width * height);
    cansNeeded = totalArea / coveragePerCan;

    cout << "Cans of paint needed: " << cansNeeded << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

In this program, the farmer is figuring out his total income by calculating the earnings from each type of crop he sells at the market.

• The program prompts the user to enter the amount of wheat, corn, and barley harvested, which are stored in the variables wheatAmount, cornAmount, and barleyAmount, respectively. It also asks for the prices per kilogram for each crop, stored in wheatPrice, cornPrice, and barleyPrice.
• The revenue from each crop is calculated by multiplying the harvested amount by the price per kilogram:
  • Wheat Revenue: Stored in wheatRevenue as wheatAmount * wheatPrice.
  • Corn Revenue: Stored in cornRevenue as cornAmount * cornPrice.
  • Barley Revenue: Stored in barleyRevenue as barleyAmount * barleyPrice.
• The revenues from wheat, corn, and barley are then added together to calculate the total revenue, which is stored in totalRevenue.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    double wheatAmount, wheatPrice, cornAmount, cornPrice, barleyAmount, barleyPrice, totalRevenue;

    cout << "Enter the amount of wheat harvested (in kg): ";
    cin >> wheatAmount;

    cout << "Enter the price per kg of wheat: $";
    cin >> wheatPrice;

    cout << "Enter the amount of corn harvested (in kg): ";
    cin >> cornAmount;

    cout << "Enter the price per kg of corn: $";
    cin >> cornPrice;

    cout << "Enter the amount of barley harvested (in kg): ";
    cin >> barleyAmount;

    cout << "Enter the price per kg of barley: $";
    cin >> barleyPrice;

    double wheatRevenue = wheatAmount * wheatPrice;
    double cornRevenue = cornAmount * cornPrice;
    double barleyRevenue = barleyAmount * barleyPrice;

    totalRevenue = wheatRevenue + cornRevenue + barleyRevenue;

    cout << "Total Revenue: $" << totalRevenue << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

The program calculates the total cost by multiplying the unit price by the number of units. It then applies a $60 discount for every 5 units purchased and subtracts this total discount from the initial cost. Finally, it outputs the final cost after applying the discount.

• The program asks you to enter the unitPrice (price for each unit) and numberOfUnits (how many units you want to buy).
• Next, it calculates the totalCostBeforeDiscount by multiplying unitPrice with numberOfUnits.
• To determine the discount, the program calculates how many groups of 5 units you are buying using integer division (numberOfUnits / 5), giving you a discount for each group.
• The total discount is then found by multiplying the number of groups by $60 (the discount value).
• Finally, the finalCost is calculated by subtracting totalDiscount from totalCostBeforeDiscount.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    const float DISCOUNT_PER_BULK = 60.00; 
    float unitPrice, totalCostBeforeDiscount, totalDiscount, finalCost;
    int numberOfUnits;

    cout << "Enter the price per unit: ";
    cin >> unitPrice;
    cout << "Enter the number of units: ";
    cin >> numberOfUnits;

    totalCostBeforeDiscount = unitPrice * numberOfUnits;

    int numberOfDiscounts = numberOfUnits / 5;

    totalDiscount = numberOfDiscounts * DISCOUNT_PER_BULK;

    finalCost = totalCostBeforeDiscount - totalDiscount;

    cout << "Final cost after discount: $" << finalCost << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

The code computes how many square plots fit into a given land area and calculates the leftover space. It does this by dividing the total area by the plot area and subtracting the space used by the plots. It then displays the number of plots and the remaining area.

• The code begins by taking user inputs for total_area and side_length of the square plots.
• It calculates the area of one square plot using plot_area = side_length * side_length. This is done by multiplying side_length by itself.
• The number of complete square plots that can fit into the total area is computed with full_plots = total_area / plot_area. This uses integer division to determine how many whole plots fit into the total_area.
• The remaining area that cannot be used for a complete plot is calculated with remaining_area = total_area - (full_plots * plot_area). This subtracts the area occupied by the full plots from the total land area.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    double total_area, side_length;

    cout << "Enter the total area of the land: ";
    cin >> total_area;

    cout << "Enter the side length of one square plot: ";
    cin >> side_length;

    double plot_area = side_length * side_length;
    int full_plots = total_area / plot_area;
    double remaining_area = total_area - (full_plots * plot_area);

    cout << "Number of complete square plots: " << full_plots << endl;
    cout << "Remaining area: " << remaining_area << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

Explanation:

The code prompts the user for the required concrete volume, cement volume per bag, and bags per pallet. It calculates the total number of bags and pallets needed, rounding up as necessary. The excess concrete is then determined by comparing the total concrete from the pallets to the required volume, and the results are displayed.

• The code begins by prompting the user to enter three input values: the total volume of concrete needed (requiredConcreteVolume), the volume contributed by each cement bag (cementVolumePerBag), and the number of bags per pallet (bagsPerPallet).
• Next, the program calculates how many cement bags are required. It does this by dividing the total concrete volume needed by the volume provided by one bag of cement. Since you can’t order a fraction of a bag, it rounds up to ensure there are enough bags. This calculation uses the formula (requiredConcreteVolume + cementVolumePerBag - 1) / cementVolumePerBag.
• After determining the total number of bags, the program calculates how many pallets of cement are needed. Since pallets come in whole numbers and each pallet contains a specific number of bags, it again rounds up to the nearest whole number. This is done with the formula (totalBagsRequired + bagsPerPallet - 1) / bagsPerPallet.
• To calculate the excess concrete, it finds out how much concrete the total number of pallets will produce and subtracts the required volume, resulting in (palletsRequired * bagsPerPallet * cementVolumePerBag) - requiredConcreteVolume.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() 
{
    int requiredConcreteVolume;
    int cementVolumePerBag;
    int bagsPerPallet;

    cout << "Enter the required volume of concrete in cubic meters: ";
    cin >> requiredConcreteVolume;

    cout << "Enter the volume contributed by one bag of cement in cubic meters: ";
    cin >> cementVolumePerBag;

    cout << "Enter the number of bags in one pallet: ";
    cin >> bagsPerPallet;

    int totalBagsRequired = (requiredConcreteVolume + cementVolumePerBag - 1) / cementVolumePerBag;
    int palletsRequired = (totalBagsRequired + bagsPerPallet - 1) / bagsPerPallet;
    int excessConcreteProduced = (palletsRequired * bagsPerPallet * cementVolumePerBag) - requiredConcreteVolume;

    cout << "Total pallets required: " << palletsRequired << endl;
    cout << "Excess concrete produced: " << excessConcreteProduced << " cubic meters" << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

The program reads a four-digit inventory code and separates each digit. It calculates the thousands place by dividing the code by 1000, the hundreds place by dividing the code by 100 and then taking the remainder when divided by 10, the tens place by dividing the code by 10 and taking the remainder when divided by 10, and the ones place by taking the remainder when divided by 10. Finally, it displays each digit separately.

• The program starts by reading a four-digit inventory code from the user. This code is stored in the variable inventoryCode.
• To get the thousands place digit, the program performs integer division by 1000: inventoryCode / 1000. This operation removes the last three digits, leaving only the thousands place digit.
• To obtain the hundreds place digit, the program first divides inventoryCode by 100: inventoryCode / 100. This operation removes the last two digits, leaving the hundreds place digit along with the tens and ones places. To get just the hundreds place, the program then calculates the remainder when divided by 10: (inventoryCode / 100) % 10. This operation removes the tens and ones places, leaving only the hundreds place digit.
• The tens place digit is found by dividing inventoryCode by 10: inventoryCode / 10. It removes the ones place digit, leaving the tens and hundreds places. To get just the tens place, the program calculates the remainder when divided by 10: (inventoryCode / 10) % 10. This operation removes the hundreds place, leaving only the tens place digit.
• The ones place digit is obtained directly by calculating the remainder when inventoryCode is divided by 10: inventoryCode % 10. This operation isolates the ones place digit, leaving it as the result.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    // Declare variable for the inventory code
    int inventoryCode;

    // Input the inventory code from the user
    cout << "Enter a four-digit inventory code: ";
    cin >> inventoryCode;

    // Extract each digit from the inventory code
    int thousands = inventoryCode / 1000;        // Extract the thousands place
    int hundreds = (inventoryCode / 100) % 10;   // Extract the hundreds place
    int tens = (inventoryCode / 10) % 10;       // Extract the tens place
    int ones = inventoryCode % 10;              // Extract the ones place

    // Output each digit separately
    cout << "Digits of the inventory code are:" << endl;
    cout << "Thousands place: " << thousands << endl;
    cout << "Hundreds place: " << hundreds << endl;
    cout << "Tens place: " << tens << endl;
    cout << "Ones place: " << ones << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

The user inputs the selling price, production cost, and additional costs. The program calculates the total costs, and then determines the profit by subtracting these costs from the selling price. Finally, it computes the profit margin percentage and displays the result, showing the profit as a percentage of the selling price.

• First, the user inputs the selling price (sellingPrice), production cost (productionCost), and additional costs (additionalCosts).
• Next, the total costs are calculated by adding productionCost and additionalCosts with the line totalCosts = productionCost + additionalCosts.
• To determine the profit, the program subtracts the total costs from the selling price using profit = sellingPrice - totalCosts.
• The profit margin percentage is then calculated by dividing the profit by the selling price and multiplying by 100 with profitMarginPercentage = (profit * 100) / sellingPrice.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    int sellingPrice, productionCost, additionalCosts;

    cout << "Enter the selling price of the product: ";
    cin >> sellingPrice;
    cout << "Enter the production cost of the product: ";
    cin >> productionCost;
    cout << "Enter additional costs (shipping, taxes, etc.): ";
    cin >> additionalCosts;

    int totalCosts = productionCost + additionalCosts;
    int profit = sellingPrice - totalCosts;
    int profitMarginPercentage = (profit * 100) / sellingPrice;

    cout << "Profit Margin Percentage: " << profitMarginPercentage << "%" << endl;

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

It calculates how many full months of a subscription can be covered based on initial and monthly savings combined with the subscription fee. First, it computes the total savings after a given number of months, then determines the number of full months that can be afforded by dividing this total by the subscription fee. Finally, it calculates the remaining money after these months and how much additional savings are needed for the next month.

• The program prompts the user to input four values: initial_savings, monthly_savings, monthly_subscription_fee, and months, which represent the initial amount of money saved, the amount saved each month, the cost of the monthly subscription, and the number of months planned for saving, respectively.
• It calculates the total savings after the given number of months using the formula total_savings = initial_savings + months * monthly_savings where the total savings are computed by adding the initial savings to the product of the number of months and the amount saved each month.
• The code then determines how many full months of subscription can be afforded with the total savings by performing integer division: full_months_affordable = total_savings / monthly_subscription_fee. This calculation ignores any fractional months by storing the result as an integer.
• After that, it calculates how much money is left after paying for the full month using remaining_money = total_savings - (full_months_affordable * monthly_subscription_fee, which subtracts the total cost of the full month of subscription from the total savings.
• The program also determines how much additional savings are needed to afford another full month of subscription using additional_savings_needed = monthly_subscription_fee - remaining_money, which calculates the difference between the monthly subscription fee and the remaining money.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    double initial_savings;
    double monthly_savings;
    double monthly_subscription_fee;
    int months;

    cout << "Enter initial savings: ";
    cin >> initial_savings;
    cout << "Enter monthly savings: ";
    cin >> monthly_savings;
    cout << "Enter monthly subscription fee: ";
    cin >> monthly_subscription_fee;
    cout << "Enter the number of months you plan to save: ";
    cin >> months;

    double total_savings = initial_savings + months * monthly_savings;
    int full_months_affordable = total_savings / monthly_subscription_fee;
    double remaining_money = total_savings - (full_months_affordable * monthly_subscription_fee);
    double additional_savings_needed = monthly_subscription_fee - remaining_money;

    cout << "\nAfter " << months << " months:\n";
    cout << "Total Savings: " << total_savings << "\n";
    cout << "Full Months Affordable: " << full_months_affordable << "\n";
    cout << "Remaining Money: " << remaining_money << "\n";
    cout << "Additional Savings Needed for Next Month: " << additional_savings_needed << "\n";

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

To determine the total travel time, first convert each duration into minutes by multiplying hours by 60 and adding minutes for the main flight, layover, and connecting flight. Next, sum these total minutes to get the overall travel time. Finally, convert the total minutes back into hours and minutes by dividing by 60 to get the hours and using the modulus operator to find the remaining minutes.

• The program prompts the user to input the required six values.
• To calculate the total minutes for the main flight, first convert the hours into minutes. Multiply mainFlightHours by 60, which is done with (mainFlightHours * 60). Then add the mainFlightMinutes to this result, as in totalMainFlightMinutes = (mainFlightHours * 60) + mainFlightMinutes.
• For the layover, perform a similar conversion. Multiply layoverHours by 60 to get the minutes, which is done with (layoverHours * 60). Add  layoverMinutes to this, resulting in totalLayoverMinutes = (layoverHours * 60) + layoverMinutes.
• Convert the connecting flight duration into total minutes by multiplying connectingFlightHours by 60, and then add connectingFlightMinutes. This is represented by totalConnectingFlightMinutes = (connectingFlightHours * 60) + connectingFlightMinutes.
• Sum the minutes for all segments to get the total travel time. Add totalMainFlightMinutes, totalLayoverMinutes, and totalConnectingFlightMinutes together with totalTimeInMinutes = totalMainFlightMinutes + totalLayoverMinutes + totalConnectingFlightMinutes.
• To find the total hours, divide totalTimeInMinutes by 60 with totalHours = totalTimeInMinutes / 60. For the remaining minutes, use the modulus operator to get the remainder after dividing by 60, like remainingMinutes = totalTimeInMinutes % 60.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    int mainFlightHours, mainFlightMinutes;
    int layoverHours, layoverMinutes;
    int connectingFlightHours, connectingFlightMinutes;
    
    cout << "Enter the main flight duration in hours: ";
    cin >> mainFlightHours;
    cout << "Enter the main flight duration in minutes: ";
    cin >> mainFlightMinutes;
    
    cout << "Enter the layover duration in hours: ";
    cin >> layoverHours;
    cout << "Enter the layover duration in minutes: ";
    cin >> layoverMinutes;
    
    cout << "Enter the connecting flight duration in hours: ";
    cin >> connectingFlightHours;
    cout << "Enter the connecting flight duration in minutes: ";
    cin >> connectingFlightMinutes;
    
    int totalMainFlightMinutes = (mainFlightHours * 60) + mainFlightMinutes;
    int totalLayoverMinutes = (layoverHours * 60) + layoverMinutes;
    int totalConnectingFlightMinutes = (connectingFlightHours * 60) + connectingFlightMinutes;
    
    int totalTimeInMinutes = totalMainFlightMinutes + totalLayoverMinutes + totalConnectingFlightMinutes;
    
    int totalHours = totalTimeInMinutes / 60;
    int remainingMinutes = totalTimeInMinutes % 60;
    
    cout << "Total time spent traveling, including layovers and connecting flights, is: " 
         << totalHours << " hours and " 
         << remainingMinutes << " minutes." 
         << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

Explanation:

• The program begins by taking input from the user for the total cost of the car, the down payment, the annual interest rate, and the desired monthly installment amount. These values are stored in the variables carCost, downPayment, interestRate, and monthlyInstallment.
• To calculate the amount of the loan required, the program subtracts the down payment from the total cost of the car.
• Next, the program calculates the interest by multiplying the loan amount with the interest rate and dividing it by 100 to find how much extra you need to pay due to interest.
• The program then adds the calculated interest to the original loan amount to find the total amount that needs to be repaid.
• To determine how many months it will take to pay off the loan, the program divides the total loan amount by the monthly installment amount. This gives the number of months required to repay the loan fully.
• Finally, the program outputs the total loan amount including interest and the number of months required to pay off the loan, providing the user with a clear understanding of their financial obligation.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    double carCost, downPayment, interestRate, monthlyInstallment;
    
    cout << "Enter the total cost of the car: ";
    cin >> carCost;
    cout << "Enter the down payment: ";
    cin >> downPayment;
    cout << "Enter the annual interest rate (in %): ";
    cin >> interestRate;
    cout << "Enter your planned monthly installment: ";
    cin >> monthlyInstallment;
    
    double loanAmount = carCost - downPayment;
    double interestAmount = (loanAmount * interestRate) / 100;
    double totalLoanAmount = loanAmount + interestAmount;
    double monthsToPayOff = totalLoanAmount / monthlyInstallment;
    
    cout << "Total loan amount (including interest): " << totalLoanAmount << endl;
    cout << "Number of months to pay off the loan: " << monthsToPayOff << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

Explanation:

The program calculates weekly savings by multiplying the base pocket money by a performance multiplier of 1.25 to reflect a 25% increase in earnings. After this adjustment, the weekly expense is subtracted to determine the net savings. Additionally, bonuses or penalties are applied based on whether the final savings exceed or fall below certain thresholds.

• The user inputs their base pocket money and weekly expenses which are stored in base_money and expense, respectively.
• The formula weekly_savings = base_money * multiplier - expense calculates your weekly savings by first boosting your base money by 25% using a multiplier of 1.25 to reflect improved performance, then subtracting your expenses to determine the remaining savings. The multiplier (1.25) is used to increase the base pocket money by 25% to reflect improved performance or additional earnings. It boosts the base amount to reward the user based on their performance.
• The formula bonus_or_penalty = bonus * ((weekly_savings - bonus_threshold) / bonus_threshold) - penalty * ((penalty_threshold - weekly_savings) / penalty_threshold) adjusts your weekly savings based on how much your savings are above or below certain limits.
  • First, it calculates a bonus if weekly_savings is more than bonus_threshold. The part bonus * ((weekly_savings - bonus_threshold) / bonus_threshold) finds out how much your savings are above the threshold. It does this by subtracting bonus_threshold from weekly_savings and then dividing that number by bonus_threshold to get a percentage. This percentage is used to calculate the bonus amount.
  • Next, it calculates a penalty if weekly_savings is less than penalty_threshold. The part penalty * ((penalty_threshold - weekly_savings) / penalty_threshold) figures out how much less your savings are compared to the threshold. It subtracts weekly_savings from penalty_threshold, divides that by penalty_thresholdto get a percentage, and uses this to calculate the penalty amount.
  • The formula then subtracts the penalty from the bonus to get the final adjustment. This adjustment is added to your weekly_savings to show the total amount. If the bonus is higher than the penalty, your savings go up. If the penalty is higher, your savings go down.
• Calculate the final savings by adding or subtracting the bonus or penalty to/from weekly_savings. This is given by: final_savings = weekly_savings + bonus_or_penalty.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    const double multiplier = 1.25;
    const int bonus = 30;
    const int penalty = 20;
    const int bonus_threshold = 120;
    const int penalty_threshold = 60;

    int base_money;
    int expense;

    cout << "Enter your base pocket money: $";
    cin >> base_money;
    cout << "Enter your weekly expense: $";
    cin >> expense;

    double weekly_savings = base_money * multiplier - expense;
    double bonus_or_penalty = bonus * ((weekly_savings - bonus_threshold) / bonus_threshold) -
                              penalty * ((penalty_threshold - weekly_savings) / penalty_threshold);
    double final_savings = weekly_savings + bonus_or_penalty;

    cout << "Total savings after one week: $" << final_savings << endl;

    return 0;
}